21 jan 2016
Israeli Occupation Forces (IOF) barred Palestinian citizens from accessing and sowing their land in Thuhur Subuh area in Kafr al-Dik village in Salfit governorate, claiming that it is a confiscated area.
Palestinian farmers of the village said that they own those lands and have official documents that prove land ownership.
Violent clashes previously took place with Israeli soldiers in that area in protest against its confiscation.
Palestinian farmers of the village said that they own those lands and have official documents that prove land ownership.
Violent clashes previously took place with Israeli soldiers in that area in protest against its confiscation.
The Hebrew website Walla has said that two illegal roads are being built for Benjamin settlements on Palestinian-owned land in the West Bank.
According to Walla, there were Israeli orders to remove one of the roads and suspend the construction of the other.
One of the roads, which was built between two neighborhoods in Anatot settlement, extend over 320 meters of Palestinian-owned land belonging to Palestinian citizens from Anata village.
The construction of this road started in 2012 before the Israeli civil administration stopped it and then resumed it recently.
Later, the chief of the Anata local council filed a petition with the Israeli higher court asking for issuing an injunction to prevent the road construction in the village.
The second road is being built in Novi Firat area and lead to an illegal settlement outpost, which was established in 2014.
In a separate incident, Israeli bulldozers on Thursday removed several residential and agricultural structures in Tulkarem, al-Khalil and Jerusalem.
According to local sources, bulldozers escorted by Israeli soldiers entered Jabal al-Baba area east of Alizariya town in occupied Jerusalem and removed three residential tents, which led the displacement of 17 Palestinian citizens.
Eyewitnesses said that the soldiers forced three Palestinian families in Jaba al-Baba to leave their tents, without prior notice, before bulldozing them and the land they were pitched on.
In al-Khalil, chief of the Beit Ula municipal council Mohamed al-Omla told Quds Press that the Israeli occupation forces (IOF) demolished an agricultural structure and a water well in the town at the pretext of unlicensed construction.
In Tulkarem, Israeli bulldozers leveled plots of Palestinian land in Shufa village, which is located about 500 meters away from Avnei Hefetz settlement, south of the city.
According to Walla, there were Israeli orders to remove one of the roads and suspend the construction of the other.
One of the roads, which was built between two neighborhoods in Anatot settlement, extend over 320 meters of Palestinian-owned land belonging to Palestinian citizens from Anata village.
The construction of this road started in 2012 before the Israeli civil administration stopped it and then resumed it recently.
Later, the chief of the Anata local council filed a petition with the Israeli higher court asking for issuing an injunction to prevent the road construction in the village.
The second road is being built in Novi Firat area and lead to an illegal settlement outpost, which was established in 2014.
In a separate incident, Israeli bulldozers on Thursday removed several residential and agricultural structures in Tulkarem, al-Khalil and Jerusalem.
According to local sources, bulldozers escorted by Israeli soldiers entered Jabal al-Baba area east of Alizariya town in occupied Jerusalem and removed three residential tents, which led the displacement of 17 Palestinian citizens.
Eyewitnesses said that the soldiers forced three Palestinian families in Jaba al-Baba to leave their tents, without prior notice, before bulldozing them and the land they were pitched on.
In al-Khalil, chief of the Beit Ula municipal council Mohamed al-Omla told Quds Press that the Israeli occupation forces (IOF) demolished an agricultural structure and a water well in the town at the pretext of unlicensed construction.
In Tulkarem, Israeli bulldozers leveled plots of Palestinian land in Shufa village, which is located about 500 meters away from Avnei Hefetz settlement, south of the city.
Israeli army forces, on Wednesday, tore down two tents used as shelters by Palestinian families living east of Yatta, in the occupied West Bank, to the south of Hebron.
The Popular Committee Coordinator in Yatta, Rateb al-Jabour, told WAFA that Israeli soldiers raided the Susiya area, in which about 350 people live, and tore down two tents used as shelters by the family of Naser Shretih.
The village of Susiya has become the focus of an international campaign, attracting European diplomats, officials, the US state department and pro-Palestinian activists, after the Israeli High Court denied a Palestinian request for an injunction to stop Israel's plans to destroy their homes in May 2014.
For years, Palestinians in Susiya have suffered under the Israeli occupation. In 1986, Israeli authorities expelled families living in Susiya, after nearby ruins were declared a "national archaeological park".
Following their expulsion, the families settled on their land, located between the site and the Israeli settlement of Susiya until 2001, when the Israeli army returned to destroy their homes and wells, and drive them out, once again.
They appealed to the Israeli High Court, which gave them a temporary injunction order allowing them to return to their land.
After the order was annulled in 2007, Susiya families appealed to the High Court to claim their rights.
The Popular Committee Coordinator in Yatta, Rateb al-Jabour, told WAFA that Israeli soldiers raided the Susiya area, in which about 350 people live, and tore down two tents used as shelters by the family of Naser Shretih.
The village of Susiya has become the focus of an international campaign, attracting European diplomats, officials, the US state department and pro-Palestinian activists, after the Israeli High Court denied a Palestinian request for an injunction to stop Israel's plans to destroy their homes in May 2014.
For years, Palestinians in Susiya have suffered under the Israeli occupation. In 1986, Israeli authorities expelled families living in Susiya, after nearby ruins were declared a "national archaeological park".
Following their expulsion, the families settled on their land, located between the site and the Israeli settlement of Susiya until 2001, when the Israeli army returned to destroy their homes and wells, and drive them out, once again.
They appealed to the Israeli High Court, which gave them a temporary injunction order allowing them to return to their land.
After the order was annulled in 2007, Susiya families appealed to the High Court to claim their rights.
20 jan 2016
Israeli soldiers demolished, Wednesday, a newly-built Palestinian home in Beit Hanina neighborhood, north of occupied Jerusalem; the family was preparing to move into their residence next week. The demolished property is the third to be destroyed Thursday.
The Wadi Hilweh Information Center in Silwan (Silwanic) said the soldiers surrounded the neighborhood before invading it, and demolished the property that belongs to a Palestinian woman, identified as Hiba Abu Assab, and her four children, 8 for 14 years of age.
Abu Assab said the new home was furnished and had two rooms, a kitchen and a bathroom, and that the family was hoping to move in, next week.
She added that the Israeli bulldozers first demolished the wall surrounding the property, and destroyed the home without a prior notice.
It is worth mentioning that, in late December 2014, the family was forced to demolish its home, and was forced to pay a 20.000 Israeli shekels fine, allegedly for building it without a construction permit. The family is still repaying construction costs, fines and debts.
The Wadi Hilweh Information Center in Silwan (Silwanic) said the soldiers surrounded the neighborhood before invading it, and demolished the property that belongs to a Palestinian woman, identified as Hiba Abu Assab, and her four children, 8 for 14 years of age.
Abu Assab said the new home was furnished and had two rooms, a kitchen and a bathroom, and that the family was hoping to move in, next week.
She added that the Israeli bulldozers first demolished the wall surrounding the property, and destroyed the home without a prior notice.
It is worth mentioning that, in late December 2014, the family was forced to demolish its home, and was forced to pay a 20.000 Israeli shekels fine, allegedly for building it without a construction permit. The family is still repaying construction costs, fines and debts.
Israeli soldiers demolished, Wednesday, an under construction Palestinian home, and its surrounding walls, in Beit ar-Roush village, south of Hebron, in the southern part of the occupied West bank.
Omar Kashour, head of Beit ar-Roush Local Council, said the soldiers invaded the village, after surrounding it, and demolished the 150 square/meter property.
The demolished property belongs to to Salem Mohammad Abu Ayyash.
The soldiers also demolished the property’s surrounding walls, and bulldozed its surrounding lands.
Omar Kashour, head of Beit ar-Roush Local Council, said the soldiers invaded the village, after surrounding it, and demolished the 150 square/meter property.
The demolished property belongs to to Salem Mohammad Abu Ayyash.
The soldiers also demolished the property’s surrounding walls, and bulldozed its surrounding lands.
Israeli soldiers invaded, on Wednesday at dawn, Wad Qaddoum neighborhood in Silwan town, in occupied Jerusalem, and demolished an under construction home, after surrounding the area.
The Wadi Hilweh Information Center in Silwan (Silwanic) said several military vehicles, and bulldozers of the Jerusalem City Council, invaded the town after surrounding it, and demolished the property.
Silwanic said the demolished property belongs to Samer Nassar, and was leveled without any prior notice; the building as 300 square/meters.
After demolishing the home, the soldiers also bulldozed and destroyed its ground foundations.
Nassar started building his property three months ago, with a cost of more than 180.000 Shekels.
The Wadi Hilweh Information Center in Silwan (Silwanic) said several military vehicles, and bulldozers of the Jerusalem City Council, invaded the town after surrounding it, and demolished the property.
Silwanic said the demolished property belongs to Samer Nassar, and was leveled without any prior notice; the building as 300 square/meters.
After demolishing the home, the soldiers also bulldozed and destroyed its ground foundations.
Nassar started building his property three months ago, with a cost of more than 180.000 Shekels.
The Israeli Occupation Authority (IOA) is scheduled to declare in the coming weeks that 1,500 dunums (roughly 1.5 million square meters) of land near Jericho as "state land", according to the Israeli Army Radio on Wednesday morning.
The reports indicate that the land has been partially declared as state land while the rest will be used for settlement construction.
On the other hand, nearly 35 Israeli settlers from Elad settlement organization stormed under heavy police protection a Palestinian-owned building in Silwan town in occupied Jerusalem.
Wadi Hilweh Information Center explained in a statement issued Wednesday morning that nearly 35 settlers from Elad settlement organization supported by Israeli Special Forces raided the neighborhood of Baydoun in Silwan and entered the residential building through its main gate easily without any resistance or objection by its owners who were not even at home.
The center pointed out that the settlers had the keys of the building.
The Jerusalemite center underlined that the building consists of two floors built before the Israeli occupation of Jerusalem, pointing out that the seized building is surrounded by a large land adjacent to the settlement outpost seized in 2014.
The confiscated building is owned by Ahmad Abu Ter who sued his tenant few years ago for back rent. Few weeks ago, he effectively evacuated the tenant.
Shortly after evacuating the tenant, Abu Ter started building the second floor without any objection from the Israeli municipality crews who used to stop Jerusalemite buildings construction under the pretext of being built without permit.
This was not the case with Abu Ter who is clearly involved in the building confiscation as it was handed over “peacefully” to settlers after the completion of the construction process, the center stated.
Silwan, in particular, has seen in recent years an influx of Israeli settlers at the cost of home demolitions and the eviction of Palestinian families.
Some 579 homes have been destroyed in the city over the last twelve years, leaving 2,133 Palestinians homeless in total, according to the Israeli rights group B'Tselem.
The reports indicate that the land has been partially declared as state land while the rest will be used for settlement construction.
On the other hand, nearly 35 Israeli settlers from Elad settlement organization stormed under heavy police protection a Palestinian-owned building in Silwan town in occupied Jerusalem.
Wadi Hilweh Information Center explained in a statement issued Wednesday morning that nearly 35 settlers from Elad settlement organization supported by Israeli Special Forces raided the neighborhood of Baydoun in Silwan and entered the residential building through its main gate easily without any resistance or objection by its owners who were not even at home.
The center pointed out that the settlers had the keys of the building.
The Jerusalemite center underlined that the building consists of two floors built before the Israeli occupation of Jerusalem, pointing out that the seized building is surrounded by a large land adjacent to the settlement outpost seized in 2014.
The confiscated building is owned by Ahmad Abu Ter who sued his tenant few years ago for back rent. Few weeks ago, he effectively evacuated the tenant.
Shortly after evacuating the tenant, Abu Ter started building the second floor without any objection from the Israeli municipality crews who used to stop Jerusalemite buildings construction under the pretext of being built without permit.
This was not the case with Abu Ter who is clearly involved in the building confiscation as it was handed over “peacefully” to settlers after the completion of the construction process, the center stated.
Silwan, in particular, has seen in recent years an influx of Israeli settlers at the cost of home demolitions and the eviction of Palestinian families.
Some 579 homes have been destroyed in the city over the last twelve years, leaving 2,133 Palestinians homeless in total, according to the Israeli rights group B'Tselem.
The Israeli occupation forces (IOF) at dawn Wednesday kidnapped two Palestinian youths from Bethlehem city and notified the demolition of a Palestinian home in Salfit.
A PIC news reporter said the IOF kidnapped the two youths Ahmad Hamamra and Hamam Abdul Nabi from the West Bank city of Bethlehem.
The IOF also wreaked havoc on the family home of the injured anti-occupation activist Othman Shaalan in the city, paving the way for a projected demolition of the building.
16-year-old Othman was shot and injured by the occupation troops following an anti-occupation stabbing he carried out near the Israeli illegal settlement of Tekoa. He was later evacuated to the Hadassah hospital, where he underwent several surgeries on his leg.
The IOF further notified the demolition of the family home of prisoner Abdul Azeez Mer’i in Salfit’s western town of Qarawat Bani Hassan, in the northern West Bank.
The occupation soldiers, who rolled into the area at the crack of dawn, gave the family a period of four days only to object the demolition.
Mer’i has been locked up in Israeli jails on allegations of planning for an anti-occupation stabbing attack carried out by the slain Palestinian activist Muhannad Halabi on October 3 last year in the Old City of Occupied Jerusalem.
A PIC news reporter said the IOF kidnapped the two youths Ahmad Hamamra and Hamam Abdul Nabi from the West Bank city of Bethlehem.
The IOF also wreaked havoc on the family home of the injured anti-occupation activist Othman Shaalan in the city, paving the way for a projected demolition of the building.
16-year-old Othman was shot and injured by the occupation troops following an anti-occupation stabbing he carried out near the Israeli illegal settlement of Tekoa. He was later evacuated to the Hadassah hospital, where he underwent several surgeries on his leg.
The IOF further notified the demolition of the family home of prisoner Abdul Azeez Mer’i in Salfit’s western town of Qarawat Bani Hassan, in the northern West Bank.
The occupation soldiers, who rolled into the area at the crack of dawn, gave the family a period of four days only to object the demolition.
Mer’i has been locked up in Israeli jails on allegations of planning for an anti-occupation stabbing attack carried out by the slain Palestinian activist Muhannad Halabi on October 3 last year in the Old City of Occupied Jerusalem.
The Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has decided to demolish the family home of the Palestinian minor Murad Id’is and to cancel Palestinians’ work permits as part of a preplanned policy of collective punishment.
Netanyahu voiced his support for the punitive measures pursued by the occupation army against the Palestinians of al-Khalil city.
The PM further accused the international community of “hypocrisy.”
Israel’s Construction Minister Yoav Gallant also called for deporting Murad Id’is’s family to Syria to deter further anti-occupation attacks.
The Israeli internal security agency, the Shabak, claimed responsibility for the abduction of 15-year-old Murad from his family home in al-Khalil on allegations that he carried out an anti-occupation stabbing attack in the illegal Israeli settlement of Otniel.
A video propagated by the occupation army shows Israeli soldiers as storming Murad’s family home and kidnapping the youth from his bedroom.
Along the same line, the Ynetnews newspaper said a state of frenzy has overwhelmed Israeli apparatuses due to the surge in anti-occupation stabbings.
The occupation army leadership opted for a series of measures to quell new anti-occupation operations.
Such measures include banning Palestinian workers’ access into West Bank settlements to reach their workplaces.
Israeli settlers, meanwhile, launched calls to carry arms and form armed groups to prevent anti-occupation attacks near illegal settlements.
Netanyahu voiced his support for the punitive measures pursued by the occupation army against the Palestinians of al-Khalil city.
The PM further accused the international community of “hypocrisy.”
Israel’s Construction Minister Yoav Gallant also called for deporting Murad Id’is’s family to Syria to deter further anti-occupation attacks.
The Israeli internal security agency, the Shabak, claimed responsibility for the abduction of 15-year-old Murad from his family home in al-Khalil on allegations that he carried out an anti-occupation stabbing attack in the illegal Israeli settlement of Otniel.
A video propagated by the occupation army shows Israeli soldiers as storming Murad’s family home and kidnapping the youth from his bedroom.
Along the same line, the Ynetnews newspaper said a state of frenzy has overwhelmed Israeli apparatuses due to the surge in anti-occupation stabbings.
The occupation army leadership opted for a series of measures to quell new anti-occupation operations.
Such measures include banning Palestinian workers’ access into West Bank settlements to reach their workplaces.
Israeli settlers, meanwhile, launched calls to carry arms and form armed groups to prevent anti-occupation attacks near illegal settlements.
19 jan 2016
Israeli bulldozers Tuesday razed al-Araqib village for the 93rd time under the claim it lacks construction permits.
The mayor of al-Araqib hamlet, Aziz al-Touri, told Quds Press that Israeli forces raided the village at dawn hours and evacuated its inhabitants under gun threat then demolished their homes completely. This has displaced the residents, mostly women and children regardless of the chilly cold weather.
The mayor underlined that the inhabitants of al-Araqib, who are 400 people, will not leave their lands and will reconstruct their houses again. Israeli authorities are planning to establish settlements and forests over Palestinians’ lands in that area, he pointed out.
The mayor of al-Araqib hamlet, Aziz al-Touri, told Quds Press that Israeli forces raided the village at dawn hours and evacuated its inhabitants under gun threat then demolished their homes completely. This has displaced the residents, mostly women and children regardless of the chilly cold weather.
The mayor underlined that the inhabitants of al-Araqib, who are 400 people, will not leave their lands and will reconstruct their houses again. Israeli authorities are planning to establish settlements and forests over Palestinians’ lands in that area, he pointed out.
18 jan 2016
3 shops destroyed West of Ramallah
The Israeli Supreme Court refused to reconsider a decision to demolish the unrecognized Bedouin village of Umm al-Hiran, and ordered to evict all its residents, Adalah center reported on Sunday.
Adalah, the legal center for Arab minority rights in Israel, reported that the Supreme Court rejected its extraordinary motion for a second hearing on the case. They requested that the court reconsider its decision to approve Israel's plane to evict the village's 1,000 Palestinian Bedouin residents, in order to build Jewish town of Hiran, and expand the Yatir Forest over its ruins.
The Court's refusal to reconsider its May 5 2015 ruling effectively means that the eviction and demolition procedures against the village can proceed.
In response to the decision, Adalah emphasized, according to Al Ray, that "The Court, today, wrote yet another chapter - the fourth, to be precised - in the history of expulsion and displacement of the Bedouin families since 1948, despite the fact that they were moved to these villages by the Israeli military government in 1956."
Adalah added: "The Court's decision legitimized Israel's longstanding policy against Palestinian citizens of Israel - a colonial policy rooted in an ideology of racial discrimination, segregation, and dispossession. The residents of Atir-Umm al-Hiran are now clinging to their existential, moral, and legitimate right to continue living on their land. They will continue their just struggle. Further discussions will be held in the coming days to plan the next steps of that struggle."
In related news, Israeli forces demolished, at dawn on Monday, three shops in the village of Kharbatha al-Misbah, west of Ramallah, under the pretext of building without permit.
Local sources said that forces demolished a vehicle repair shop belonging to Jamal Daraj, a room used by the citizen Hamdi Krekar to sell foodstuffs, and a quarry owned by Ahmed al-Habeya.
It is noteworthy that these shops are located near the street (443) settlement, which was held near the village by force.
The Israeli Supreme Court refused to reconsider a decision to demolish the unrecognized Bedouin village of Umm al-Hiran, and ordered to evict all its residents, Adalah center reported on Sunday.
Adalah, the legal center for Arab minority rights in Israel, reported that the Supreme Court rejected its extraordinary motion for a second hearing on the case. They requested that the court reconsider its decision to approve Israel's plane to evict the village's 1,000 Palestinian Bedouin residents, in order to build Jewish town of Hiran, and expand the Yatir Forest over its ruins.
The Court's refusal to reconsider its May 5 2015 ruling effectively means that the eviction and demolition procedures against the village can proceed.
In response to the decision, Adalah emphasized, according to Al Ray, that "The Court, today, wrote yet another chapter - the fourth, to be precised - in the history of expulsion and displacement of the Bedouin families since 1948, despite the fact that they were moved to these villages by the Israeli military government in 1956."
Adalah added: "The Court's decision legitimized Israel's longstanding policy against Palestinian citizens of Israel - a colonial policy rooted in an ideology of racial discrimination, segregation, and dispossession. The residents of Atir-Umm al-Hiran are now clinging to their existential, moral, and legitimate right to continue living on their land. They will continue their just struggle. Further discussions will be held in the coming days to plan the next steps of that struggle."
In related news, Israeli forces demolished, at dawn on Monday, three shops in the village of Kharbatha al-Misbah, west of Ramallah, under the pretext of building without permit.
Local sources said that forces demolished a vehicle repair shop belonging to Jamal Daraj, a room used by the citizen Hamdi Krekar to sell foodstuffs, and a quarry owned by Ahmed al-Habeya.
It is noteworthy that these shops are located near the street (443) settlement, which was held near the village by force.
Israeli soldiers invaded, late on Sunday at night, the Kharbtha al-Misbah village, west of the central West Bank city of Ramallah, and demolished a small room and a garage.
Local sources said several military vehicles, and army bulldozers, invaded the village before destroying a garage for trucks, owned by resident Jamal Ahmad Darraj.
The soldiers also demolished a room, of a home belonging to Hamdi Mousa Abu Ekhlayyel.
In addition, the army destroyed property in a brick factory owned by Ahmad al-Habeeba.
The Israeli military claims the demolished properties were built without construction permits from the Israeli Authorities.
Local sources said several military vehicles, and army bulldozers, invaded the village before destroying a garage for trucks, owned by resident Jamal Ahmad Darraj.
The soldiers also demolished a room, of a home belonging to Hamdi Mousa Abu Ekhlayyel.
In addition, the army destroyed property in a brick factory owned by Ahmad al-Habeeba.
The Israeli military claims the demolished properties were built without construction permits from the Israeli Authorities.
The Israeli Occupation Forces (IOF) stormed Monday morning al-Fundaq town, east of Qalqilia, and demolished a number of Palestinian facilities.
Local sources told the PIC reporter that Israeli forces escorted a military bulldozer and closed the main road leading to Qalqilia city before demolishing a number of local facilities and shops.
Israeli occupation authorities have earlier barred Palestinian construction in al-Fundaq town, near Emmanuel illegal settlement, under the pretext of being located in Israeli-controlled Area C.
Local sources told the PIC reporter that Israeli forces escorted a military bulldozer and closed the main road leading to Qalqilia city before demolishing a number of local facilities and shops.
Israeli occupation authorities have earlier barred Palestinian construction in al-Fundaq town, near Emmanuel illegal settlement, under the pretext of being located in Israeli-controlled Area C.
The Israeli occupation authorities (IOA) on Sunday gave orders for immediately halting the digging of a water well in the southern occupied West Bank province of al-Khalil and seized a set of digging equipment.
Coordinator for the popular anti-settlement committee in Yatta town, Rateb al-Jabour, said the occupation troops rolled into al-Mafkara area, near the illegal Israeli settlement of Avijal, near Yatta, and obstructed the construction of a water well belonging to the Hamamda family before they ceased digging tools owned by contractor Muhammad al-Hamamda.
Al-Jabour added that the Israeli occupation army and settlers have often resorted to such policies to mar Palestinians’ lives in Yatta town and force them out of their own and only lands in favor of illegal settlement expansion.
Coordinator for the popular anti-settlement committee in Yatta town, Rateb al-Jabour, said the occupation troops rolled into al-Mafkara area, near the illegal Israeli settlement of Avijal, near Yatta, and obstructed the construction of a water well belonging to the Hamamda family before they ceased digging tools owned by contractor Muhammad al-Hamamda.
Al-Jabour added that the Israeli occupation army and settlers have often resorted to such policies to mar Palestinians’ lives in Yatta town and force them out of their own and only lands in favor of illegal settlement expansion.
17 jan 2016
Khaled Maali, researcher concerned with settlement, said that Israel is taking advantage of 30 nature reserves in order to steal 10 per cent of West Bank lands through expelling Palestinian farmers and confiscating their lands.
Maali said that establishing Israeli natural reserves in the West Bank runs contrary to the international humanitarian law and The Hague Convention which prevents violating the rights of and tightening the noose on civilians as well as confiscating their lands and displacing them in favor of Israeli settlers who take over their confiscated lands.
The researcher Maali explained that Israeli authorities in 2015 declared two areas, in Salfit governorate, as natural reserves which have already become threatened of being confiscated by Jewish settlers.
Maali said that establishing Israeli natural reserves in the West Bank runs contrary to the international humanitarian law and The Hague Convention which prevents violating the rights of and tightening the noose on civilians as well as confiscating their lands and displacing them in favor of Israeli settlers who take over their confiscated lands.
The researcher Maali explained that Israeli authorities in 2015 declared two areas, in Salfit governorate, as natural reserves which have already become threatened of being confiscated by Jewish settlers.
